Rural Industrialisation
Rural industrialisation began to receive major attention and encouragement in
Malaysia in the early 1970s. This was seen to comprise four integral components;
namely,
i. primary processing of agricultural raw materials for export, for example, rubber
milling, palm oil milling and cocoa bean production;
ii. traditional activities which may loosely be described as handicrafts with such
products as batik, basketry, pottery, silverware and woodcarvings, produced by
small, home-based enterprise;
iii. small-scale production of consumer goods for local markets, with products such as
bread and cakes, fish crackers, clothing, furniture, brick and cement blocks; and
iv. automotive and electrical repairs, often involving only a working proprietor using
informal premises.
With a view of promoting and enhancing rural industrialisation, substantial
public sector resources have been earmarked to provide, among others, loans and
grants, consultancy and extension services, entrepreneurial development, training,
infrastructure facilities and tax benefits (Sixth Malaysia Plan 1991-95). Six main areas
of rural non-farm and industrial opportunities have been identified to have strong
inter-sectoral linkages; namely, low and medium-technology transfer, subcontracting,
resource-based industries, local market-oriented activities, tourism-related activities
and traditional manufacturing. Among the programmes which have been promulgated
for the Seventh Malaysia Plan included provision of credit trough government
agencies including the Agricultural Bank of Malaysia (BPM), development of
industrial land and premises; provision of training and entrepreneurial development by
government agencies; upgrading of technology and promotion of marketing; product
and process development; preparation of feasibility studies and development of
ancillary industries. During the Seventh Malaysia Plan, appropriate institutional arrangements and
incentives will be provided to facilitate the implementation of a more broad-based
programme with greater emphasis on higher employment opportunities and increased
productivity. The development of the rural non-farm industry is seen to be an essential
component of the strategy necessary to achieve a more balanced growth in the rural
areas. Accordingly, the scope of rural industrialisation programmes will be extended
beyond cottage and handicraft industries and will not be confined to only villages.
Rural industrialisation began to receive major attention and encouragement in
Malaysia in the early 1970s. This was seen to comprise four integral components;
namely,
i. primary processing of agricultural raw materials for export, for example, rubber
milling, palm oil milling and cocoa bean production;
ii. traditional activities which may loosely be described as handicrafts with such
products as batik, basketry, pottery, silverware and woodcarvings, produced by
small, home-based enterprise;
iii. small-scale production of consumer goods for local markets, with products such as
bread and cakes, fish crackers, clothing, furniture, brick and cement blocks; and
iv. automotive and electrical repairs, often involving only a working proprietor using
informal premises.
With a view of promoting and enhancing rural industrialisation, substantial
public sector resources have been earmarked to provide, among others, loans and
grants, consultancy and extension services, entrepreneurial development, training,
infrastructure facilities and tax benefits (Sixth Malaysia Plan 1991-95). Six main areas
of rural non-farm and industrial opportunities have been identified to have strong
inter-sectoral linkages; namely, low and medium-technology transfer, subcontracting,
resource-based industries, local market-oriented activities, tourism-related activities
and traditional manufacturing. Among the programmes which have been promulgated
for the Seventh Malaysia Plan included provision of credit trough government
agencies including the Agricultural Bank of Malaysia (BPM), development of
industrial land and premises; provision of training and entrepreneurial development by
government agencies; upgrading of technology and promotion of marketing; product
and process development; preparation of feasibility studies and development of
ancillary industries. During the Seventh Malaysia Plan, appropriate institutional arrangements and
incentives will be provided to facilitate the implementation of a more broad-based
programme with greater emphasis on higher employment opportunities and increased
productivity. The development of the rural non-farm industry is seen to be an essential
component of the strategy necessary to achieve a more balanced growth in the rural
areas. Accordingly, the scope of rural industrialisation programmes will be extended
beyond cottage and handicraft industries and will not be confined to only villages.
In the context of the Second Outline Perspective Plan 1991-2000 (OPP2), the
development of rural industries will continue to be an important vehicle towards
increasing the living standard of the rural population. Their development will also
provide opportunities for entrepreneurial resources of the Bumiputera community to
interface with the modern manufacturing sector. Toward this end, the OPP2 has
identified a number of approaches to support rural industrial development including
marketing, infrastructure and financial programmes aimed at restructuring the rural
industries and improving productivity, technology, product and management
capabilities of the rural industries.
development of rural industries will continue to be an important vehicle towards
increasing the living standard of the rural population. Their development will also
provide opportunities for entrepreneurial resources of the Bumiputera community to
interface with the modern manufacturing sector. Toward this end, the OPP2 has
identified a number of approaches to support rural industrial development including
marketing, infrastructure and financial programmes aimed at restructuring the rural
industries and improving productivity, technology, product and management
capabilities of the rural industries.
Rural Growth Centres
The rural growth centres (RGCs) involve the clustering of traditional villages,
encompassing the main village or a cluster of villages to function as a single economic
unit. The RGC shall be provided with the necessary facilities and infrastructure such
as school, shops, markets, clinics, prayer halls, civic centres, water, electricity and
other amenities. The objectives of the RGCs are as follows:
i. to eradicate poverty;
ii. to ensure a balanced development between urban and rural areas;
iii. to improve the equality of life of the rural population; and
iv. to establish and strengthen the rural urban linkages between the rural hinterland
and the neighbouring towns;
The RGCs involve the diversification of the rural economy based on the
development of agro-based small scale industries and non-agricultural activities and
services. These are aimed at enhancing the urban environment and infrastructure for a
more effective linkages with the mainstream economic activities.
The rural growth centres (RGCs) involve the clustering of traditional villages,
encompassing the main village or a cluster of villages to function as a single economic
unit. The RGC shall be provided with the necessary facilities and infrastructure such
as school, shops, markets, clinics, prayer halls, civic centres, water, electricity and
other amenities. The objectives of the RGCs are as follows:
i. to eradicate poverty;
ii. to ensure a balanced development between urban and rural areas;
iii. to improve the equality of life of the rural population; and
iv. to establish and strengthen the rural urban linkages between the rural hinterland
and the neighbouring towns;
The RGCs involve the diversification of the rural economy based on the
development of agro-based small scale industries and non-agricultural activities and
services. These are aimed at enhancing the urban environment and infrastructure for a
more effective linkages with the mainstream economic activities.
The strategy of RGCs through rural urbanisation and agricultural
commercialisation and modernisation are expected to provide the impetus for the
growth of the rural areas. Rural urbanisation could either come about through the
location of industries in the rural areas, or resource-based industrialisation, building
upon strong and effective linkages between the rural and industrial sectors through
employment, consumption, supply of inputs and raw materials, sub-contracting,
marketing, transportation and other ancillary services.
commercialisation and modernisation are expected to provide the impetus for the
growth of the rural areas. Rural urbanisation could either come about through the
location of industries in the rural areas, or resource-based industrialisation, building
upon strong and effective linkages between the rural and industrial sectors through
employment, consumption, supply of inputs and raw materials, sub-contracting,
marketing, transportation and other ancillary services.
Conclusion
Rural development has been the core focus of the government policy, strategy
and programmes after Independence through the 1990s with a lesser emphasis in the
next century. The rural sector was strategic to the country’s economic growth, social
and political development. The sector was crucial in providing the agricultural labour
and output to the country; while the high incidence of poverty that characterised the
sector posed a major threat to the social and political stability of the nation. The
multifaceted significance of this sector provides the underlying rationales for all the
Malaysian development and economic policies since 1960s.
Rural development has been the core focus of the government policy, strategy
and programmes after Independence through the 1990s with a lesser emphasis in the
next century. The rural sector was strategic to the country’s economic growth, social
and political development. The sector was crucial in providing the agricultural labour
and output to the country; while the high incidence of poverty that characterised the
sector posed a major threat to the social and political stability of the nation. The
multifaceted significance of this sector provides the underlying rationales for all the
Malaysian development and economic policies since 1960s.
at last i finished my xment 4 dis week in dis subject Rural Settlement Geography...
p/s: Geografi bukan sekadar mengkaji tentang komponen alam sekitar malah komponen manusia juga.... terima kasih dr. coz bg xment nie..HUh!!!! :(
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